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<meta name="description" content="亚硝酸盐，一类无机化合物的总称。主要指亚硝酸钠，亚硝酸钠为白色至淡黄色粉末或颗粒状，味微咸，易溶于水。硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐广泛存在于人类环境中，是自然界中最普遍的含氮化合物。人体内硝酸盐在微生物的作用下可还原为亚硝酸盐，N-亚硝基化合物的前体物质。外观及滋味都与食盐相似，并在工业、建筑业中广为使用，肉类制品中也允许作为发色剂限量使用。由亚硝酸盐引起食物中毒的机率较高。食入0.3～0.5克的亚硝酸盐即可引起中毒，3克导致死亡。2017年10月27日，世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构公布的致癌物清单初步整理参考，在导致内源性亚硝化条件下摄入的硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐在2A类致癌物清单中。...">
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<div class="para" label-module="para">亚硝酸盐，一类无机化合物的总称。主要指<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0/167868" data-lemmaid="167868">亚硝酸钠</a>，亚硝酸钠为白色至淡黄色粉末或颗粒状，味微咸，易溶于水。</div><div class="para" label-module="para">硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐广泛存在于人类环境中，是自然界中最普遍的含氮化合物<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_151075">&nbsp;</a>
。人体内硝酸盐在微生物的作用下可还原为亚硝酸盐，N-亚硝基化合物的前体物质。</div><div class="para" label-module="para">外观及滋味都与<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%9F%E7%9B%90/207926" data-lemmaid="207926">食盐</a>相似，并在工业、建筑业中广为使用，肉类制品中也允许作为发色剂限量使用。由亚硝酸盐引起食物中毒的机率较高。</div><div class="para" label-module="para">食入0.3～0.5克的亚硝酸盐即可引起中毒，3克导致死亡<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="2">
[2]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[2]_151075">&nbsp;</a>
。</div><div class="para" label-module="para">2017年10月27日，世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构公布的致癌物清单初步整理参考，在导致内源性亚硝化条件下摄入的硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐在2A类致癌物清单中。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_151075">&nbsp;</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configModuleBanner">
</div><div class="basic-info cmn-clearfix">
<dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-left">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">中文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
亚硝酸盐
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">英文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
Nitrite
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">别&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;称</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
亚硝酸钠
</dd>
</dl><dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-right">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">化学式</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
NaNO2
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">分子量</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
69.00
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">危险品运输编号</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
中毒
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog">
<div class="lemma-catalog">
<h2 class="block-title">目录</h2>
<div class="catalog-list column-4">
<ol>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">1</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#1">亚硝酸盐中毒</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">2</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2">相关报道</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">3</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3">制法</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">4</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4">基本用途</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">5</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5">毒性</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_1">毒性介绍</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_2">毒性危害</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_3">急性中毒原因</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_4">慢性中毒原因</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_5">中毒症状</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_6">检测方法</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_7">抢救措施</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">6</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6">含量测定</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_1">测定准备</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_2">操作方法</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_3">尿检</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6_4">临床意义</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level1">
<span class="index">7</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7">预防措施</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">8</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8">亚硝酸盐来源</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">9</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#9">相关常识</a></span>
</li>
</ol>

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="亚硝酸盐中毒" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>亚硝酸盐中毒</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="1" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">亚硝酸盐类食物中毒又称<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%A0%E5%8E%9F%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%92%E7%B4%AB%E7%97%85">肠原性青紫病</a>、紫绀症、乌嘴病。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92">亚硝酸盐中毒</a>是指由于食用硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐含量较高的腌制肉制品、泡菜及变质的蔬菜可引起中毒，<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90/2727976/0/0b07ec1f976b6c20f624e482?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="亚硝酸盐" style="width:220px;height:166px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=6acb8565cffc1e17f9bf8b337a91f67c/f603918fa0ec08fa785f21d459ee3d6d55fbda61.jpg"  alt="亚硝酸盐" style="width:220px;height:166px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
亚硝酸盐
</span>
</div>或者误将工业用亚硝酸钠作为食盐食用而引起，也可见于饮用含有硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐苦井水、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%92%B8%E9%94%85%E6%B0%B4">蒸锅水</a>后，亚硝酸盐能使血液中正常携氧的低铁<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A1%80%E7%BA%A2%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD">血红蛋白</a>氧化成<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%AB%98%E9%93%81%E8%A1%80%E7%BA%A2%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD">高铁血红蛋白</a>，因而失去携氧能力而引起组织缺氧。亚硝酸盐是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%89%A7%E6%AF%92">剧毒</a>物质，成人摄入0.2一0.5克即可引起中毒，3克即可致死。亚硝酸盐同时还是一种<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%87%B4%E7%99%8C%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8">致癌物质</a>，据研究，食道癌与患者摄入的亚硝酸盐量呈正相关性，亚硝酸盐的致癌机理是:在<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%83%83%E9%85%B8">胃酸</a>等环境下亚硝酸盐与食物中的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BB%B2%E8%83%BA">仲胺</a>、叔胺和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA">酰胺</a>等反应生成强致癌物N一<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E8%83%BA">亚硝胺</a>。亚硝胺还能够透过胎盘进入胎儿体内，对胎儿有致畸作用。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">6个月以内的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF">婴儿</a>对亚硝酸盐特别敏感，临床上患“<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%AB%98%E9%93%81%E8%A1%80%E7%BA%A2%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E7%97%87">高铁血红蛋白症</a>”的婴儿即是食用亚硝酸盐或硝酸盐浓度高的食品引起的，症状为缺氧，出现紫绀，甚至死亡，因此欧盟规定亚硝酸盐严禁用于婴儿食品。亚硝酸盐中毒发病急速，一般潜伏期1一3小时，中毒的主要特点是由于组织缺氧引起的紫绀现象，如口唇、舌尖、指尖青紫，重者眼结膜、面部及全身皮肤青紫。头晕、头疼、乏力、心跳加速嗜睡或烦躁、呼吸困难、恶心、呕吐、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%85%B9%E7%97%9B">腹痛</a>、腹泻，严重者昏迷、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%83%8A%E5%8E%A5">惊厥</a>、大小便失禁，可因呼吸衰竭而死亡。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">作为防腐剂而应用在肉质食品里的亚硝酸盐一直被认为是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%87%B4%E7%99%8C%E7%89%A9">致癌物</a>，但是美国国家卫生研究院的科学家却发现，这种致癌物能制作成药物，用来治疗镰状细胞血症和心脏病等多种疾病，这一发现令人瞠目结舌。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">100年来，科学家认为亚硝酸盐没有任何益处，但是今天，科学家却发现了它的价值所在。据美国全波广播公司9月5日报道，在研��一种与亚硝酸盐相关的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9">化合���</a>——氧化一氮时，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B">马克</a>T格拉德温博士和心脏病专家理查德-坎农博士意外发现了亚硝酸盐的药用价值。氧化一氮可以扩张血管，进而增加血液流量，但无法用作药物。不过，经常被用作<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E9%98%B2%E8%85%90%E5%89%82">食品防腐剂</a>的亚硝酸盐却有着和氧化一氮相似的功效，而且可以入药，所以两位科学家想到了亚硝酸盐。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">随后，科学家进行了临床试验。他们给健康的志愿者注入微量亚硝酸盐，结果志愿者体内血液流量增加了两倍，而当志愿者运动时，体内的亚硝酸盐含量马上直线下降，说明身体正在积极使用亚硝酸盐。所以，科学家认为，亚硝酸盐可以用作药物，用来治疗镰状细胞血症、心脏病、脑动脉瘤等和血液流量有关的疾病。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">对此，格拉德温博士戏称说，“我们等于把人体器官当成了热狗<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="4">
[4]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[4]_151075">&nbsp;</a>
，加入亚硝酸盐就相当于加入了保护措施，保卫心脏、肺和大脑缺氧时，细胞不会因为缺少<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94">氧气</a>而死亡。”</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="相关报道" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>相关报道</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="2" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2012年8月15日，浙江省工商局网站发布信息称，<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90/2727976/0/3b6833f52c152e49bd3109fd?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="血燕亚硝酸盐严重超标" style="width:220px;height:142px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=e9c663462834349b70066987f9eb1521/55e736d12f2eb93857bbf8aed5628535e4dd6f9c.jpg"  alt="血燕亚硝酸盐严重超标" style="width:220px;height:142px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
血燕亚硝酸盐严重超标
<sup>[5]</sup>
<a name="ref_[5]_"></a>
</span>
</div>在针对流通领域的食品质量抽检中，发现血燕产品普遍存在亚硝酸盐含量严重超标问题，问题血燕主要来自马来西亚。动辄上万元一两的血燕，被爆出是经染色制成的，而且部分血燕有害���质亚硝酸盐超标350倍，甚至重量还是用鱼胶、果胶、琼脂粉撑起来的。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">自2012年，全国范围内正在大力整顿<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%87%95%E7%AA%9D">燕窝</a>市场。2012年8月15日，浙江省工商局公布了对血燕抽查结果，抽查的3万多盏共计20万克问题血燕中，平均亚硝酸盐含量达4400毫克/千克，最高达11000毫克/千克。根据国家强制性标准《<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8">食品安全</a>国家标准<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E5%89%82">食品添加剂</a>使用标准》规定，亚硝酸盐仅允许腌熏肉等制品有微量残留，限量为30毫克/千克，熏制<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%81%AB%E8%85%BF">火腿</a>最高残留量也不得超过70毫克/千克。对非有意添加、自然生成的亚硝酸盐，《食品中污染物限量国家标准》规定限量一般为3毫克—5毫克/千克，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%85%B1%E8%85%8C%E8%8F%9C">酱腌菜</a>的限量也仅为20毫克/千克。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">“很多加工场用化学药剂除毛，节约了绝大部分人工成本；然后通过加胶、掺水、粘碎等手法，能够把500克原料生产出750克左右的成品。”上述业内人士说。通过专用的胶体（super77等），对燕窝进行涂抹，实现辅助定型、提高品相、增加重量、掩盖瑕疵等多重目的，这已经是燕窝行业内公开的秘密。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2012年6月12日，卫生部、国家食品药品监督管理局联合发布公告，今后酒店、大排档、小吃店等餐饮服务单位禁止使用亚硝酸盐作为食品添加剂。为此，一直关注食品安全的百姓和专家们拍手称快。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="制法" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>制法</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="3" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E">碱金属</a>和碱土金属的亚硝酸盐可由等当量的一氧化氮和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AE">二氧化氮</a>通入该金属的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9">氢氧化物</a>溶液中便可得。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2、分解硝酸盐可制造出亚硝酸盐和氧气。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="基本用途" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>基本用途</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="4" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">亚硝酸盐作为肉制品护色剂，可与肉品中的肌红蛋白反应生成玫瑰色亚硝基肌红蛋白，增进肉的色泽；还可增进肉的风味和防腐剂的作用，防止肉毒梭菌的生和延长肉制品的货架期<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="6">
[6]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[6]_151075">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_6"></a><a name="ref_6"></a>。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="毒性" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>毒性</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="5" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_5_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="毒性介绍" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>毒性介绍</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">值得注意的是，高剂量的亚硝酸盐还是会产生很大<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7">毒性</a>。误食了亚硝酸盐会导致亚硝酸盐类食物中毒，<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90/2727976/0/b3f6cea2598436eecbefd090?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="亚硝酸钠" style="width:220px;height:215px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=df63646462d0f703e2b292de38fb5148/37d3d539b6003af36ff7ee13352ac65c1038b677.jpg"  alt="亚硝酸钠" style="width:220px;height:215px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
亚硝酸钠
</span>
</div>长期使用甚至会导致<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93%E7%99%8C">食道癌</a>和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%83%83%E7%99%8C">胃癌</a>。而且，科学家还缺少临床试验证明亚硝酸盐可以治疗心脏病等疾病。所以，科学家正在积极征集志愿者进行临床试验，并开始寻觅合适的药物生产商负责研发亚硝酸盐类药物。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">亚硝酸盐具有防腐性，可与肉品中的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%8C%E7%BA%A2%E7%B4%A0">肌红素</a>结合而更稳定，所以常在食品加工业被添加在<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A6%99%E8%82%A0">香肠</a>和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%85%8A%E8%82%89">腊肉</a>中作为保色剂，以维持良好外观；其次，它可以防止肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌的产生，提高食用肉制品的安全性。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="7">
[7]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[7]_151075">&nbsp;</a>
但是，人体吸收过量亚硝酸盐，会影响红细胞的运作，令到血液不能运送氧气，口唇、指尖会变成蓝色，即俗称的“蓝血病”，严重会令脑部缺氧，甚至死亡。亚硝酸盐本身并不致癌，但在烹调或其他条件下，肉品内的亚硝酸盐可与氨基酸降解反应，生成有强致癌性的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E8%83%BA">亚硝胺</a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">如果食用硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐含量较高的腌制肉制品、泡菜及变质的蔬菜可引起中毒，可因呼吸衰竭而死亡。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="8">
[8]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[8]_151075">&nbsp;</a>
</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_5_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="毒性危害" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>毒性危害</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">婴儿高铁血红蛋白症（又称正铁红蛋白症）：过量的硝酸盐摄入能诱导婴儿高铁血红蛋白症，由于人体内大量的亚硝酸盐与血液中的血红蛋白结合，使高铁血红蛋白含量上升，因高铁血红蛋白不能与氧结合，这时人缺氧，临床���现为口唇、指甲发绀，皮肤出现紫斑等缺氧症状，可导致死亡。常发生于饮用水中硝酸盐含量较高的地区，多发于婴儿。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">婴儿先天畸形：亚硝酸盐能透过胎盘进入胎儿体内，6个月有内的婴儿对硝酸盐类特别敏感，对胎儿有致畸作用。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">甲状腺肿：有研究认为高硝酸盐摄入能减少人体对碘的消化吸收，从而导致甲状腺肿，但硝酸盐是否是人体甲状腺肿的直接原因，还有待进一步考证。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">癌症：使用亚硝酸发色时，亚硝酸盐与肉中的胺反应，生成亚硝基化合物，或在为肠道中的酸性环境下转化为亚硝胺，这些亚硝基化合物均是致癌因子<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="6">
[6]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[6]_151075">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_6"></a><a name="ref_6"></a>。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_5_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="急性中毒原因" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>急性中毒原因</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1.将亚硝酸盐误作食盐、面碱等食用。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2.掺杂、使假。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3.投毒。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4.食用了含有大量亚硝酸盐的蔬菜，尤其是不新鲜的叶类蔬菜。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_5_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="慢性中毒原因" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>慢性中毒原因</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1.饮用含硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐含量高的苦井水、蒸锅水。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2.食用硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐含量较高的腌制肉制品、泡菜及变质的蔬菜。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">中毒机理：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">亚硝酸盐在酸性条件下为<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BC%BA%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82">强氧化剂</a>，进入人体后，可使血中低铁血红蛋白氧化成高铁血红蛋白，失去运氧的功能，致使组织缺氧，出现青紫而中毒。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_5_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="中毒症状" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>中毒症状</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1.头痛、头晕、无力、胸闷、气短、<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:109px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90/2727976/0/7a8a14461dedfe636a63e5fa?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="" style="width:109px;height:140px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=58b703c38226cffc6d2ab8b089004a7d/63d0f703918fa0ece7081157269759ee3c6ddb99.jpg"  alt="" style="width:109px;height:140px;"/>
</a>
</div>心悸、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻及口唇、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%8C%87%E7%94%B2">指甲</a>、全身皮肤、粘膜<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B4%AB%E7%BB%80">紫绀</a>等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2.全身皮肤及粘膜呈现不同程度青紫色（<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%AB%98%E9%93%81%E8%A1%80%E7%BA%A2%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%80%E7%97%87">高铁血红蛋白血症</a>引起的紫绀）。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3.严重中毒者可昏迷、抽搐、呼吸麻痹等<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_151075">&nbsp;</a>
。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_5_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="检测方法" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>检测方法</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1.取病人静脉血3~5毫升，血色呈蓝紫色。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2.离心沉淀，血浆呈淡黄色，说明蓝紫色是细胞本身异常所致。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3.摇匀后在氧气或空气中振摇15分钟，若恢复为鲜红 色则表明原蓝紫色是低铁血红蛋白被氧化所致。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4.通过以上简单的试验，基本上可作出初步判断。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_5_7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="抢救措施" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>抢救措施</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1.口头医嘱：对于急性中毒事件，应先口头医嘱作常规处理，如吸氧、留取静脉通道、送检等，然后再了<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90/2727976/0/d35a10f4a2adaa2dddc47498?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="亚硝酸钠" style="width:220px;height:165px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=246efab9af51f3dec7b2be66a4eff0ec/6609c93d70cf3bc72645ff9fd100baa1cd112a7f.jpg"  alt="亚硝酸钠" style="width:220px;height:165px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
亚硝酸钠
</span>
</div>解病史、检查病人，建立病历，以赢得抢救时间。切忌按常规顺序慢慢问病史、书写病历，确诊后才开始作处理往往会延误时间。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2.吸氧：食用腌制蔬菜、熟剩菜等易产生亚硝酸盐，有不法分子从<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%9B%90">工业用盐</a>中提取的散装食盐更是亚硝酸盐的一大来源，亚硝酸盐是一种<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82">氧化剂</a>，可使正常低铁血红蛋白氧化成高铁血红蛋白，失去输氧能力而使组织缺氧。观察所见病人面色发青，口唇紫绀，静脉血呈蓝紫色都是缺氧的表现，因此立即给予吸氧处理。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3.美蓝（<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%9A%E7%94%B2%E8%93%9D">亚甲蓝</a>）的应用：是亚硝酸盐中毒的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%89%B9%E6%95%88%E8%A7%A3%E6%AF%92%E5%89%82">特效解毒剂</a>，能还原高铁血红蛋白，恢复正常输氧功能。用量以每公斤体重1~2mg计算。同时高渗葡萄糖可提高血液<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B8%97%E9%80%8F%E5%8E%8B">渗透压</a>，能增加解毒功能并有短暂利尿作用。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4.对症处理：对于有心肺功能受影响的患者还应对症处理，如用呼吸兴奋剂，纠正心律失常药等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">5.营养支持：病情平稳后，给予能量合剂、维C等支持疗法。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">6.洗胃：如果中毒时间短，还应及时予以洗胃处理。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">常见的亚硝酸盐有亚硝酸钠和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE">亚硝酸钾</a>，国内有多起误将亚硝酸钠作食盐用，导致急性中毒事件的报道。治疗除及时清除<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%AF%92%E7%89%A9">毒物</a>、吸氧外，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A7%A3%E6%AF%92%E5%89%82">解毒剂</a>为亚甲蓝（美蓝），重危病人可输新鲜血200～400毫升，必要时，可考虑采用换血疗法。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="含量测定" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>含量测定</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="6" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_6_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="测定准备" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>测定准备</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">由此，测定亚硝酸盐的含量是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B">食品安全检测</a>中非常重要的项目。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">部分食品中亚硝酸盐的限量标准（以NaNO<sub>2</sub>计）</div>
<table log-set-param="table_view" class="table-view log-set-param"><tr><td><div class="para" label-module="para">品 名</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">限量标准mg/kg</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">品 名</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">限量标准mg/kg</div>
</td></tr><tr><td><div class="para" label-module="para">食盐（精盐）、牛乳粉</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">≤2</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">香肠（腊肠）香肚、酱腌菜、广式腊 肉</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">≤20</div>
</td></tr><tr><td><div class="para" label-module="para">鲜肉类、鲜鱼类、粮食</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">≤3</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">肉制品、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%81%AB%E8%85%BF">火腿</a>肠、灌肠类</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">≤30</div>
</td></tr><tr><td><div class="para" label-module="para">蔬菜</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">≤4</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">其他肉类罐头、其他腌制罐头</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">≤50</div>
</td></tr><tr><td><div class="para" label-module="para">婴儿配方乳粉、鲜蛋类</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">≤5</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">西式蒸煮、烟熏火腿及罐头、西式火腿罐头</div>
</td><td><div class="para" label-module="para">≤70</div>
</td></tr></table><div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90/2727976/0/2f9cbdcc21ba8a5301e92883?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="亚硝酸盐检测仪" style="width:220px;height:177px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=7bf45ead3d6d55fbc1c671245d234f40/11385343fbf2b211ce70b73dca8065380cd78e62.jpg"  alt="亚硝酸盐检测仪" style="width:220px;height:177px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
亚硝酸盐检测仪
</span>
</div>说明：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">①生活饮用水中常存有微量的亚硝酸盐不能作为测定用<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A8%80%E9%87%8A%E6%B6%B2">稀释液</a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">②若显色后颜色很深且有沉淀产生或很快退色变成浅黄色，说明样品中亚硝酸盐含量很高，须加大<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A8%80%E9%87%8A%E5%80%8D%E6%95%B0">稀释倍数</a>重新测定。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">③对超标样品应进行重复实验，有条件时送实验室准确定量。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">常温避光保存 有效期18个月，生产日期见包装。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">附：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">亚硝酸盐快速检测管 使用说明：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">方法原理：按照国标GB/T 5009.33做成的速测管，与标准色卡比较定量。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_6_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="操作方法" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>操作方法</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1. 食盐中亚硝酸盐的快速检测及食盐与亚硝酸盐的快速鉴别<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90/2727976/0/72b19c024f6c624b4afb512c?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="" style="width:220px;height:135px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=d97caac5800a19d8cf03830703fb82c9/50da81cb39dbb6fd47a516520924ab18962b37c3.jpg"  alt="" style="width:220px;height:135px;"/>
</a>
</div>：用袋内附带小勺取食盐1平勺，加入到检测管中，加入<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%92%B8%E9%A6%8F%E6%B0%B4">蒸馏水</a>或纯净水至1ml刻度处，盖上盖，将固体部分摇溶，10分钟后与标准色板对比，该色板上的数值乘上10即为食盐中亚硝酸盐的含量mg/ kg，（国标规定食盐（精盐）中亚硝酸盐的限量<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86">卫生标准</a>应≤2 mg/kg）。当样品出现血红色且有沉淀产生或很快退色变成<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%BB%84%E8%89%B2">黄色</a>时，可判定亚硝酸盐含量相当高，或样品本身就是亚硝酸盐。2. 液体样品检测：直接取澄清液体样品1ml加入到检测管中，盖上盖，将试剂摇溶，10分钟后与标准色板对比，找出与检测管中<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2">溶液</a>颜色相同的色阶，该色阶上的数值即���样品中亚硝酸盐的含量mg/L（以NaNO2计）。<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90/2727976/0/99636c0e6938118e7acbe135?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="" style="width:220px;height:177px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=1cfacc11b319ebc4c478719bb227cf79/10dfa9ec8a136327071b3147918fa0ec09fac7d4.jpg"  alt="" style="width:220px;height:177px;"/>
</a>
</div>（牛乳及豆浆也可直接检测，结果不得超过0.25mg/L ，有颜色的液体样品可加入一些活性炭脱色过滤后测定）。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3. 固体或半固体样品检测：取粉碎均匀的样品1.0g或1.0ml至10ml比色管中，加蒸馏水或去离子水（<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BA%AF%E5%87%80%E6%B0%B4">纯净水</a>）至刻度，充分震摇后放置，取上清液（或过滤或<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A6%BB%E5%BF%83">离心</a>得到的上清液）1.0ml加入到检测管中，盖上盖，将试剂摇溶，10分钟后与标准色板对比，该色板上的数值乘上10即为样品中亚硝酸盐的含量mg/ kg，L（以NaNO2计）。如果测试结果超出色板上的最高值，可定量稀释后测定，并在计算结果时乘上<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A8%80%E9%87%8A%E5%80%8D%E6%95%B0">稀释倍数</a>（如从10ml比色管中取出1.0mL转入另一支10ml比色管中，加水至刻度，从中取1.0mL加入到检测管中测定，测试结果乘上100（倍稀释）即为样品中亚硝酸盐的含量。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_6_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="尿检" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>尿检</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">某些泌尿系统存在的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C">细菌</a>可以将尿中<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8">蛋白质</a><a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9">代谢产物</a><a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F">硝酸盐还原</a>为亚硝酸盐因此测定尿液中是否存在亚硝酸盐就可以快速间接的知道泌尿系细菌感染的情况作为泌尿系感染的筛查试验。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">临床上<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B0%BF%E8%B7%AF%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93">尿路感染</a>发生率很高并且有时是无症状的感染在女性病人中尤其如此诊断尿路感染需做尿<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C%E5%9F%B9%E5%85%BB">细菌培养</a>需较长时间和一定条件而<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B0%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90">尿亚硝酸盐</a><a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C">定性实验</a>可以很快的得到结果有助于该病辅助诊断。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">当明显尿路感染者利用<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C%E8%83%BD">细菌能</a>还原硝酸盐为亚硝酸盐的特性酚类偶联产生红色为阳性反应。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">尿亚硝酸盐阳性率取决于尿液在膀胱中<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%AD%98%E7%95%99%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4">存留时间</a>大于4小时阳性率可达80%若尿路感染细菌不能使硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐或尿在膀胱停留时间较短或尿中缺乏亚硝酸盐也会产生阴性结��阳性结果提示尿中存在细菌数100000/ml以上。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">正常值：阴性记为(-)</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_6_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="临床意义" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="6-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>临床意义</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">亚硝酸盐阳性结果常见于：由大肠杆菌(<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A4%A7%E8%82%A0%E5%9F%83%E5%B8%8C%E6%B0%8F%E8%8F%8C">大肠埃希氏菌</a>)引起的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%BE%E7%9B%82%E8%82%BE%E7%82%8E">肾盂肾炎</a>其阳性率占到总数的三分之二以上；由大肠埃希菌等<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%A0%E6%9D%86%E8%8F%8C%E7%A7%91">肠杆菌科</a>等细菌引起的有症状或无症状的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B0%BF%E8%B7%AF%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93">尿路感染</a><a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%86%80%E8%83%B1%E7%82%8E">膀胱炎</a>菌尿症等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">尿亚硝酸盐试验阴性时并不表示没有细菌感染只是由于某些不具备还原硝酸盐能力的细菌引起的泌尿系感染不能显示阳性这类细菌有不动杆菌等非发酵菌或尿液在膀胱中未能潴留4小时以上。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">注意若尿路感染细菌不能使硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐或尿在膀胱中存留较短或尿中缺乏硝酸盐也会产生阴性结果。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="预防措施" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>预防措施</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="7" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1、蔬菜应妥善保存，防止<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%85%90%E7%83%82">腐烂</a>，不吃腐烂的蔬菜。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2、食剩的熟菜不可在<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%AB%98%E6%B8%A9">高温</a>下存放长时间后再食用。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90/2727976/0/aa59892bd11bf2bee6cd40c5?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="" style="width:220px;height:174px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=b92d9b2434a85edffe8cf921795409d8/c9fcc3cec3fdfc03975911ccd43f8794a4c226a4.jpg"  alt="" style="width:220px;height:174px;"/>
</a>
</div>3、勿食大量刚腌的菜，腌菜时盐应多放，至少腌至15天以上再食用；但现腌的菜，最好马上就吃，不能存放过久，腌菜时选用新鲜菜。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4、不要在短时间内吃大量叶菜类蔬菜，或先用开水焯5分钟，弃汤后再烹调。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">5、肉制品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐用量要严格按国家卫生标准规定，不可多加。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">6、苦井水勿用于煮粥，尤其勿存放过夜。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">7、防止错把亚硝酸盐当食盐或碱面用。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">8、多食入维生素C和维生素E，以及新鲜水果等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">9、蔬菜食用前沸水浸泡3分钟处理，马铃薯放在浓度为1%的食盐水或维生素C溶液浸泡一昼夜<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="6">
[6]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[6]_151075">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_6"></a><a name="ref_6"></a>。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="8" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_8" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="亚硝酸盐来源" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>亚硝酸盐来源</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="8" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1、食物中作为<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8F%91%E8%89%B2%E5%89%82">发色剂</a>和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%98%B2%E8%85%90%E5%89%82">防腐剂</a>的亚硝酸盐。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2、从食物中添加的硝酸盐转化而来。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3、蔬菜，尤其是从不新鲜的蔬菜中转化而来。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="9" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub151075_9" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="相关常识" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">亚硝酸盐</span>相关常识</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="9" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>亚硝酸盐食用过多处理方法</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1、补充液体，尤其是开水或其它透明的液体；</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2、补充因上吐下泻所流失的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E8%B4%A8">电解质</a>，如钾、钠及<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96">葡萄糖</a>；</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3、避免制酸剂；</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4、先别止泻，让体内毒素排出之后再向<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F">医生</a>咨询；</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">5、毋须催吐<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90/2727976/0/0b07ec1fd738ac27f624e4d3?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="" style="width:220px;height:165px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=2a984562cffc1e17f9bf8b337a90f67c/f603918fa0ec08fa380ce1d359ee3d6d55fbdab2.jpg"  alt="" style="width:220px;height:165px;"/>
</a>
</div>；</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">6、饮食要清淡，先食用容易消化的食物，避免容易刺激胃的食品 。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">鉴于以上原因，国家对食品中的亚硝酸盐残留制定了严格的限量标准，但由于高浓度的亚硝酸盐不仅可改善肉制品的感观色泽，还可大大缩短肉制品的加工时间，因此肉制品亚硝酸盐超标的现象较为普遍。甚至少数不法经营者以病死猪肉先经过<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8F%8C%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%B4">双氧水</a>浸泡漂白，然后再添加大量的亚硝酸盐，最后经过加工而达到正常<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%89%E5%88%B6%E5%93%81">肉制品</a>的色泽效果；还有添加大量亚硝酸盐的腊肉只要经过一夜熏烤就可以达到正常熏烤十几天的色泽和硬度，而且“格外光鲜”。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>如何减少亚硝酸盐和亚硝基化合物的摄入</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·多吃新鲜的蔬菜和肉类。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·低温保存食物，以减少<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3">蛋白质分解</a>和亚硝酸盐生成。<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:165px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90/2727976/0/2cf5e0fe9925bc31543aa63a5edf8db1cb137028?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="" style="width:165px;height:220px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=6d629e45912397ddd2799f066983b216/2cf5e0fe9925bc31543aa63a5edf8db1cb137028.jpg"  alt="" style="width:165px;height:220px;"/>
</a>
</div></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·不吃腌腊制品、肠、酸菜等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·不吃腌制时间在7日左右的咸菜，少吃腌制时间在15日内的咸菜。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·胡椒和辣椒等<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%B0%83%E5%91%B3%E5%93%81">调味品</a>与盐分开包装。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·经常暴晒粮食，让亚硝基化合物分解。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·不喝长时间煮熬的蒸锅剩水。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">可以阻断亚硝基化合物合成的食物：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·含维生素C和维生素E丰富的蔬菜水果。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·大蒜、茶叶。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·食醋。</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="a" class="lemma-anchor a" ></a>
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<span class="title">词条图册</span>
<a class="more-link" href="/pic/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90/2727976?fr=lemma" target="_blank" nslog-type="10000204">更多图册<em></em></a>
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<dl class="lemma-reference collapse nslog-area log-set-param" data-nslog-type="2" log-set-param="ext_reference">
<dt class="reference-title">参考资料</dt>
<dd class="reference-list-wrap">
<ul class="reference-list">
<li class="reference-item reference-item--type2 " id="reference-[1]-151075-wrap">
<span class="index">1.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_1_151075" id="refIndex_1_151075" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[1]_151075">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<span>丁晓雯,柳春红</span><span class="text">．食品安全学</span><span>．北京</span><span>：中国农业出版社</span><span>，2011</span></li><li class="reference-item reference-item--type2 " id="reference-[2]-151075-wrap">
<span class="index">2.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_2_151075" id="refIndex_2_151075" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[2]_151075">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<span>刘宁,沈明浩</span><span class="text">．食品毒理学</span><span>．北京</span><span>：中国轻工业出版社</span><span>，2007</span></li><li class="reference-item reference-item--type1 " id="reference-[3]-151075-wrap">
<span class="index">3.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_3_151075" id="refIndex_3_151075" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[3]_151075">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/redirect/695cRJsMhgliWbiq2HP49yd__ELK7-VpP7GJ40kn6OdBOakFF1xXV-pNFgpyM9SIsr70JQfaMQk4z_5sVoU5dGTu0B6-R4dYooI" target="_blank" class="text">世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构致癌物清单<span class="linkout">&nbsp;</span></a>
<span class="site">．国家食品药品监督管理局</span><span>&#91;引用日期2017-12-21&#93;</span></li><li class="reference-item reference-item--type1 " id="reference-[4]-151075-wrap">
<span class="index">4.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_4_151075" id="refIndex_4_151075" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[4]_151075">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/redirect/5c9bGQooudDGwrx9ajD2b4q94MoA_JOBclrx5yy40xuRlH7V9xoIfDL058M-rd0Xkal0S7nWhcYnyob_RHgcDd_dlXGtGu7pAiDXjysHKnorcM3ymQ" target="_blank" class="text">中国经济网<span class="linkout">&nbsp;</span></a>
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<span class="index">5.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_5_151075" id="refIndex_5_151075" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[5]_151075">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/redirect/40f3BMt9dt1HsAlljVIeZW_fKE8nOC8rjmU7b602cCJkLednmzdnERcob5QqZ1gEOXAJAgvAGdNs8pEa4aGQJ3XWInWXusLGJDCtbr96JKbXDg" target="_blank" class="text">血燕亚硝酸盐严重超标<span class="linkout">&nbsp;</span></a>
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<span class="index">6.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_6_151075" id="refIndex_6_151075" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[6]_151075">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<span>史贤明</span><span class="text">．食品安全与卫生学</span><span>．北京</span><span>：中国农业出版社</span><span>，2002</span></li><li class="reference-item reference-item--type1 " id="reference-[7]-151075-wrap">
<span class="index">7.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_7_151075" id="refIndex_7_151075" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[7]_151075">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/redirect/c9bdc2RU_6rr5oTOJKlxvgVOA2kreJAU-SbANxcAdz0cGjxou1lfwcZwWDxHn_21REll5Yxw_lJFQ-1iXmdh6xBwFcROeobXgtKivlhcrMOTJUMXU6XgxrsmyBChleXI1g" target="_blank" class="text">专家解析亚硝酸盐的“善与恶”<span class="linkout">&nbsp;</span></a>
</li><li class="reference-item reference-item--type1 " id="reference-[8]-151075-wrap">
<span class="index">8.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_8_151075" id="refIndex_8_151075" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[8]_151075">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/redirect/dbfacmfBZkT5B15V5MPJsPQphfpseDSph8irQbOk4tvEOqtpKuz63bwo4dfwzlRb5Sj1TCh97pU5G3MyMfLc94DVWqttZQ5M" target="_blank" class="text">香港市售燕窝全部含亚硝酸盐 最严重超标31倍，2011年09月23日<span class="linkout">&nbsp;</span></a>
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                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('2727976', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/albumList/albumList","wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog"],function($,AlbumList,nslog){
		var list=new AlbumList({
			newLemmaId:"2727976",
			lemmaTitle:"亚硝酸盐",
			lemmaId:"151075",
			subLemmaId:"151075",
			data:[{"coverpic":"50da81cb39dbb6fd760265630b24ab18972b371d","width":1024,"height":768,"desc":"\u8bcd\u6761\u56fe\u7247","total":12,"coverurl":"https:\/\/gss0.bdstatic.com\/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/s%3D235\/sign=9551868f808ba61edbeecf2c743597cc\/50da81cb39dbb6fd760265630b24ab18972b371d.jpg"}]
		});
		!!window.ScriptLazyLoad && window.ScriptLazyLoad.regist({
			dom:$('.album-list'),
			loadFunc:function(){
				list.load();
				nslog(1258);
			},
			distance:500
		});
	});
}();
!function(){		require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReference","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReferenceTip/lemmaReferenceTip"],function(Reference,ReferenceTip){
			new Reference({
				subLemmaId:"151075"
			});
			new ReferenceTip({
				subLemmaId:"2727976",
				lemmaTitle:"亚硝酸盐",
				reference:[{"type":"2","author":"\u4e01\u6653\u96ef,\u67f3\u6625\u7ea2","title":"\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u5b66","publisher":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e","place":"\u5317\u4eac","publishYear":"2011","refPage":"","index":1,"count":"1"},{"type":"2","author":"\u5218\u5b81,\u6c88\u660e\u6d69","title":"\u98df\u54c1\u6bd2\u7406\u5b66","publisher":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u8f7b\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e","place":"\u5317\u4eac","publishYear":"2007","refPage":"","index":2},{"type":"1","title":"\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56fd\u9645\u764c\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u81f4\u764c\u7269\u6e05\u5355","url":"\/redirect\/695cRJsMhgliWbiq2HP49yd__ELK7-VpP7GJ40kn6OdBOakFF1xXV-pNFgpyM9SIsr70JQfaMQk4z_5sVoU5dGTu0B6-R4dYooI","site":"\u56fd\u5bb6\u98df\u54c1\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40","publishDate":"","refDate":"2017-12-21","index":3},{"index":4,"type":"1","title":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7f51","url":"\/redirect\/5c9bGQooudDGwrx9ajD2b4q94MoA_JOBclrx5yy40xuRlH7V9xoIfDL058M-rd0Xkal0S7nWhcYnyob_RHgcDd_dlXGtGu7pAiDXjysHKnorcM3ymQ","site":"","publishDate":"","refDate":""},{"index":5,"type":"1","title":"\u8840\u71d5\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u4e25\u91cd\u8d85\u6807","url":"\/redirect\/40f3BMt9dt1HsAlljVIeZW_fKE8nOC8rjmU7b602cCJkLednmzdnERcob5QqZ1gEOXAJAgvAGdNs8pEa4aGQJ3XWInWXusLGJDCtbr96JKbXDg","site":"","publishDate":"","refDate":""},{"type":"2","author":"\u53f2\u8d24\u660e","title":"\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u536b\u751f\u5b66","publisher":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e","place":"\u5317\u4eac","publishYear":"2002","refPage":"","index":6},{"index":7,"type":"1","title":"\u4e13\u5bb6\u89e3\u6790\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u7684\u201c\u5584\u4e0e\u6076\u201d","url":"\/redirect\/c9bdc2RU_6rr5oTOJKlxvgVOA2kreJAU-SbANxcAdz0cGjxou1lfwcZwWDxHn_21REll5Yxw_lJFQ-1iXmdh6xBwFcROeobXgtKivlhcrMOTJUMXU6XgxrsmyBChleXI1g","site":"","publishDate":"","refDate":"","count":"1"},{"index":8,"type":"1","title":"\u9999\u6e2f\u5e02\u552e\u71d5\u7a9d\u5168\u90e8\u542b\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0 \u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u8d85\u680731\u500d\uff0c2011\u5e7409\u670823\u65e5","url":"\/redirect\/dbfacmfBZkT5B15V5MPJsPQphfpseDSph8irQbOk4tvEOqtpKuz63bwo4dfwzlRb5Sj1TCh97pU5G3MyMfLc94DVWqttZQ5M","site":"","publishDate":"","refDate":"","count":"1"}]
			});
		});
	}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery"],function($){
            function openTagToggle(node) {
                if ($(node).hasClass("collapse")) {
                    $(node).removeClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", '22px');
                } else {
                    $(node).addClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", $("#open-tag-item").css("height"));
                }
            }
            if (parseInt($("#open-tag-item").css("height")) <= 30) {
                $('#open-tag-collapse').hide();
            }
            $("#open-tag-collapse").on("click", function () {
                openTagToggle($("#open-tag")[0]);
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){        require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin')(
            2727976,
            '亚硝酸盐'
        );
    }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaStatistics/lemmaStatistics"],function(init){
        init({
            newLemmaIdEnc:"b05f0ad8f9ef9e2e06440385"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/sideCatalog/sideCatalog"],function(SideCatalog){
		new SideCatalog();
	});
}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/fengchao/fengchao","wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/unionAd/unionAd"], function (init, unionAd) {
            init({
                newLemmaId: "2727976",
                lemmaTitle: "亚硝酸盐",
                encodeLemmaTitle: "%D1%C7%CF%F5%CB%E1%D1%CE",
                adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
            }, {
                errFn: unionAd,
                dom: $('#side_box_unionAd')
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/guessLike/guessLike'], function (app) {
            app.init({
                lemmaTitle: '亚硝酸盐',
                adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){            require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/bottomAd/bottomAd'], function (init) {
                init({
                    sId: 'BOTTOM_PRO_AD',
                    adManager: {"wapRelatedBusiness":1}
                });
            });
        }();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog");
    var userLogin = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userLogin/userLogin');
    var unameFiller = require('wiki-common:widget/component/unameFiller/unameFiller');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

            var isEnterprise = false;
        var enterpriseOwnerUserId = 0;
    
    var userId = 0;
    var editUrl = '/edit/' + encodeURIComponent('亚硝酸盐') + '/' + '2727976';
    var pgcUrl = '/enterprise/editpgc?lemmaId=2727976';

    userLogin.regist({
        onLogin: function(user) {
            userId = user ? user.uid : 0;
        }
    });

    function gotoEdit(url, isMidNight) {
        if (isMidNight) {
            Dialog.alert({
                title: '编辑提示',
                subMsg: '晚23:00至次日8:00，因审核系统例行维护，您提交的版本可能需要较长时间才能通过，望您谅解。',
                onConfirm: function() {
                    window.location.href = url;
                }
            });
        } else {
            window.location.href = url;
        }    
    }

    function showChoseEditDialog(pgcCallback, ugcCallback) {
        new Dialog({
            title: '编辑提示',
            subMsg: '<p>您已开通企业百科服务，推荐您直接编辑“官方资料”，官方资料仅限企业百科绑定的百科账号修改，其他用户账号不可修改。</p><p>如果您想修改其他网友编辑的普通词条内容，请注意遵守百科百科编辑规则。<p>',
            btns: [{
            key: 'pgc',
            text: '编辑官方资料'
            }, {
            style: 'white',
            text: '修改普通词条',
            key: 'ugc'
            }],
            onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
                if (btnKey === 'pgc') {
                    pgcCallback && pgcCallback();
                } else if (btnKey === 'ugc') {
                    ugcCallback && ugcCallback();
                }
            }
        }).show();
    }

    function checkUserLegal(res) {
        var legal = false;
        switch (res.errno) {
            case 100001:
                userLogin.showLoginPop();
                break;
            case 100006:
                unameFiller.show();
                break;
            default:
                legal = true;
        }
        return true;
    }

    function checkUgc(res, url) {
        if (res.errno) {
            switch (res.errno) {
                case 100005:
                    alert('对不起，您目前被封禁');
                    break;
                case 110001:
                    alert('对不起，该词条被锁定');
                    break;
                case 110007:
                    alert('对不起，消歧页无法编辑');
                    break;
                case 110005:
                    Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    mainMsg: '对不起，您暂时没有权限编辑该词条。',
                    subMsg: '<p>您好，该词条内容已较丰富，现仅对百科等级达到<b>四级</b>且通过率达到<b>85%</b>的科友开放编辑。</p><p>当您通过努力达到以上要求，就可以参与编辑该词条了。</p><p><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/img/baike/usercenter/growuptask/star.gif" class="star" />参加<a target="_blank" href="/usercenter#guide">成长任务</a>，更快掌握百科编辑技巧，加速升级！</p>'
                    });
                    break;
                case 110008:
                    Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    mainMsg: '对不起，您暂时没有权限编辑该词条。',
                    subMsg: '<p>您好，该词条内容已较丰富，现仅对百科等级达到<b>六级</b>且通过率达到<b>85%</b>的科友开放编辑。</p><p>当您通过努力达到以上要求，就可以参与编辑该词条了。</p><p><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/img/baike/usercenter/growuptask/star.gif" class="star" />参加<a target="_blank" href="/usercenter#guide">成长任务</a>，更快掌握百科编辑技巧，加速升级！</p>'
                    });
                    break;
                case 470001:
                    alert('系统错误，请刷新重试');
                    break;
                case 110003:
                    Dialog.alert({
                        title: '编辑提示',
                        subMsg: '很抱歉，该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交，您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条，或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                    });
                    break;
            }
        } else {
            if (!res.data.right.noAudit) {
                Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    subMsg: '很抱歉，该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交，您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条，或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                });
                return;
            }
            gotoEdit(url, res.data.notice.isMidNight);
        }
    }

    $(document.body).on('click', '.j-edit-link', function() {
        var dl = $(this).attr('data-edit-dl');
        if (dl) {
            var url = editUrl + '?dl=' + dl;
        } else {
            var url = editUrl;
        }

        rightCheck.preeditCheck('2727976', '亚硝酸盐', '亚硝酸盐', '129801294', '', function(res) {
            if (!checkUserLegal(res)) {
                return;
            }
            if (isEnterprise && enterpriseOwnerUserId === userId) {
                showChoseEditDialog(function() {
                    location.href = pgcUrl;
                }, function() {
                    checkUgc(res, url);
                });
            } else {
                checkUgc(res, url);
            }
        });
    });
}();
!function(){  require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-common:widget/component/footer/footer_feedback"], function($, feedback){
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-main'});
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-query', config: {
        appid: 215645,
        productLine: 20184,
        needContactWay: false,
        issuePlaceholder: '亲爱的百度百科用户，请在此填写您的质疑内容及原因哦～'
      },
      proData: {
        "kw": $('#J-bk-feedback-query').data('lemma')
      }
    });
  });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar-n/searchbar');  
    initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-simple'));
  }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/toolButtons"],function(init){
        init({
            lemmaId:"151075",
            subLemmaId:"151075",
            newLemmaId:"2727976"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/userInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      animation = require('wiki-common:widget/util/animation'),
      nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar/searchbar');

    var isFadeIn = false,
        isFadeOut = false;

    var fadeInAni, fadeOutAni;

    $(window).on('scroll', function(e) {
        var scrollTop = $(this).scrollTop();

        if (scrollTop > 200 && !isFadeIn && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'none') {
            fadeOutAni && fadeOutAni.stop();
            fadeInAni = animation({
                duration: 200,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    isFadeIn = true;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'block');
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', progress)
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    nslog(10010007);
                }
            });
        } else if (scrollTop <= 200 && !isFadeOut && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'block') {
            fadeInAni && fadeInAni.stop();
            fadeOutAni = animation({
                duration: 300,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader #suggestion').hide();
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    isFadeOut = true;
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', 1 - progress);
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'none');
                }
            });
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/qzopensl');
    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/taskSideShare"],function(taskShare){
        taskShare.init({
            title: '亚硝酸盐',
            desc: "\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u65e0\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u603b\u79f0\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u94a0\uff0c\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u94a0\u4e3a\u767d\u8272\u81f3\u6de1\u9ec4\u8272\u7c89\u672b\u6216\u9897\u7c92\u72b6\uff0c\u5473\u5fae\u54b8\uff0c\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u548c\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u542b\u6c2e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u4eba\u4f53\u5185\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u5728\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\uff0cN-\u4e9a\u785d\u57fa\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u524d\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5916\u89c2\u53ca\u6ecb\u5473\u90fd\u4e0e\u98df\u76d0\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8089\u7c7b\u5236\u54c1\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d1\u8272\u5242\u9650\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u5f15\u8d77\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u6bd2\u7684\u673a\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u98df\u51650.3\uff5e0.5\u514b\u7684\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u5373\u53ef\u5f15\u8d77\u4e2d\u6bd2\uff0c3\u514b\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u30022017\u5e7410\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56fd\u9645\u764c\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u81f4\u764c\u7269\u6e05\u5355\u521d\u6b65\u6574\u7406\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u5728\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u6e90\u6027\u4e9a\u785d\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6444\u5165\u7684\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u6216\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u57282A\u7c7b\u81f4\u764c\u7269\u6e05\u5355\u4e2d\u3002",
            pic: 'https:\/\/gss0.bdstatic.com\/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/w%3D268\/sign=b36e853b271f95caa6f595b0f1167fc5\/50da81cb39dbb6fd760265630b24ab18972b371d.jpg',
            url: '',
            qqPic: 'https:\/\/gss0.bdstatic.com\/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D768%2C768%2C50\/sign=719f078e41166d22382246d4201e3ec1\/50da81cb39dbb6fd760265630b24ab18972b371d.jpg',
            newLemmaId: '2727976',
            lemmaTitle: '亚硝酸盐'
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require("wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog");
    var testElem = require('wiki-common:widget/component/testElem/testElem');
    var cmsModuleLoader = require('wiki-common:widget/component/cmsModuleLoader/cmsModuleLoader');

    function requireAsync() {
        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement']);
    }

    cmsModuleLoader('/api/wikiui/getlemmaconfig', [{
        name: 'announcement',
        script: 'wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement.js'
    }]);

    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/lazyLoad/lazyLoad"], function(LazyLoad) {
        new LazyLoad();
    });

    require.async(['wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog','wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'], function(nslog, $) {
        nslog().setGlobal({
            lemmaId: "151075",
            newLemmaId: "2727976",
            subLemmaId: "151075",
            lemmaTitle: "亚硝酸盐"
        });

        // 词条页 pv
        nslog(9322);

        // 新版头部pv（小流量）
        if ($('.pc-header-new').length > 0) {
            nslog(9069);
        }

        // 链接点击 pv
        var lemmaPageRegExp = new RegExp(/\/subview\/\d+|\/view\/\d+|\/item\//i);
        $('body').on('mousedown', 'a', function() {
            var href = $(this).attr('href');
            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0) {
                // 链接点击 pv
                nslog(10000001);
                if (lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                    // 词条页链接点击 pv
                    nslog(10000002, window.location.href, {
                        targetTitle: $(this).text()
                    });
                }
            }
        });

        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 start ******/
        (function () {
            // 各种统计配置
            var circulationLinkCfg = {
                innerLink: [ // 内链
                    '.para',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeMovie',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeStar',
                    '.basic-info .basicInfo-block',
                    '.lemma-summary',
                    '.lemmaWgt-lemmaSummary',
                    '.view-tip-panel',
                    '.horizontal-module',
                    '.lemmaWgt-roleIntroduction',
                    '.dramaSeries .dramaSerialList',
                    '.module-music',
                    '.table-view',
                    '[log-set-param="table_view"]',
                    '.list-module',
                    '.cell-module',
                    '.baseBox .dl-baseinfo', // 配置后台字段
                    '.pvBtn-box .leadPVBtnWrapper',
                    '.drama-actor',
                    '#staffList',
                    '.starMovieAndTvplay',
                    '.main_tab:not(.main_tab-defaultTab)' // 除去词条tab外的tab
                ],
                relationTable: '.rs-container-foot', // 关系表
                peopleRelation: '.star-info-block.relations, .lemmaWgt-focusAndRelation', // 人物关系（明星+普通）
                moduleActors: '.featureBaseInfo .actors, .lemmaWgt-majorActors', // 主要演员、嘉宾、主持人
                moduleWorks: '.featureBaseInfo .works, .large-feature .works', // 代表作品
                moduleQuarterly: '.featureBaseInfo .po_quarterly, .mian_quarterly', // 分季介绍
                rankStar: '.rank-list.stars-rank', // 明星榜
                rankDrama: '.drama-rank-list', // 电视剧榜
                specialTopic: '.special-topic', // 专题模块
                modDetailTable: '#modDetailTable', // 关系表出图
                chuizhitu: '.chuizhitu', // 垂直化模块
                polysemantList: '.polysemantList-wrapper' // 义项切换
            };
            /****** 连接统计 ******/
            function clickNslogFn() {
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k === 'innerLink') {
                        // 词条内链到词条页
                        var tempArr = circulationLinkCfg[k];
                        for (var i = 0, l = tempArr.length; i < l; i++) {
                            tempArr[i] += ' a';
                        }
                        var sSelector = tempArr.join(', ');

                        $('body').on('mousedown', sSelector, {key: k},function(e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            var tar = $(this).attr('target') || '';
                            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0
                            && tar === '_blank' && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页普通内链点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null ,{division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    } else {
                        // 模块到词条页链接
                        $(circulationLinkCfg[k]).on('mousedown', 'a', {key: k}, function (e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            if (href && href.indexOf('#') !== 0 && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页配置模块链接点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null, {division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
            // 发起统计请求
            clickNslogFn();

            /****** 各模块展现量pv ******/
            function checkModuleIsShow() {
                var result = [];
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k !== 'innerLink' && k !== 'relationTable') {
                        !!$(circulationLinkCfg[k]).html() && result.push(k);
                    }
                }
                if (result.length > 0) {
                    nslog(10000005, null, {showModules: result.join(',')});
                }
            }
            checkModuleIsShow();

        })();
        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 end ******/

    });

    // 广告接入 wikiad 统一加载
    // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求行为）
    nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
        api: 'lemma-ad',
        action: 'request'
    });
    var tags = [{"tagId":68038,"tagName":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u98df\u54c1\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u4f1a"},{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u79d1\u5b66"},{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u5b66\u79d1"}];
    var tagsArray = [];
    for (var key in tags) {
        tagsArray.push(tags[key].tagName);
    }
    $.ajax({
        type: 'GET',
        url: '/api/wikiad/getsquirrels',
        data: {
            lemmaId: 2727976,
            tags: tagsArray.join()
        },
        cache: false,
        dataType: 'JSON',
        success: function (res) {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求成功）
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'success'
            });

            if (!res.errno) {
                if (res.data[5]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightPreciseAd/rightPreciseAd'], function(rightPreciseAd) {
                        rightPreciseAd(res.data[5]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[5][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[5][0].name,
                            adPos: 5
                        });
                    });
                } else if (res.data[1]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/vbaike/vbaike'], function(vbaike) {
                        vbaike(res.data[1]);
                        for(var i in res.data[1]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[1][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[1][i].name,
                                adPos: 1
                            });
                        }
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[9]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightBigAd/rightBigAd'], function(rightBigAd) {
                        rightBigAd(res.data[9]);
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[9][0].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[9][0].name,
                                adPos: 9
                            });
                    });
                                    } else if(res.data[2]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/slide/slide'], function(slide) {
                        slide(res.data[2]);
                        for(var i in res.data[2]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[2][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[2][i].name,
                                adPos: 2
                            });
                        }
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[3]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/topAd/topAd'], function(topAd) {
                        topAd(res.data[3]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[3][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[3][0].name,
                            adPos: 3
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[4]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightAd/rightAd'], function(rightAd) {
                        rightAd(res.data[4]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[4][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[4][0].name,
                            adPos: 4
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[15]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/banner/banner'], function(banner) {
                        banner(res.data[15]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[15][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[15][0].name,
                            adPos: 15
                        });
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[16]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/declaration/declaration'], function(declaration) {
                        declaration(res.data[16]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[16][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[16][0].name,
                            adPos: 16
                        });
                    })
                }
            } else {
                return;
            }

            setTimeout(function () {
                var elemArr = {};
                res.data[1] && res.data[1].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-vbaike-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-vbaike .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[2] && res.data[2].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-slide-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-slide .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[3] && res.data[3].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-navbar-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').css('background-image').indexOf(res.data[3][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[4] && res.data[4].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-side-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.right-ad img').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.right-ad img').attr('src').indexOf(res.data[4][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[15] && res.data[15].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-banner'] = $('.configModuleBanner').get(0));
                res.data[16] && res.data[16].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-declaration'] = $('.lemmaWgt-declaration').get(0));

                testElem.log(elemArr, 70000102);
            }, 1000);
        },
        error: function () {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求失败）
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'error'
            });
        }
    });

    // 设置���享内容
    window.BKShare.setCommon({
        bdText: "\u3010\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0_\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u3011\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u65e0\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u603b\u79f0\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u94a0\uff0c\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u94a0\u4e3a\u767d\u8272\u81f3\u6de1\u9ec4\u8272\u7c89\u672b\u6216\u9897\u7c92\u72b6\uff0c\u5473\u5fae\u54b8\uff0c\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u548c\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u542b\u6c2e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u4eba\u4f53\u5185\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u5728\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\uff0cN-\u4e9a\u785d\u57fa\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u524d\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5916\u89c2\u53ca\u6ecb\u5473\u90fd\u4e0e\u98df\u76d0\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8089\u7c7b\u5236\u54c1\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d1\u8272\u5242\u9650\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u5f15\u8d77\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u6bd2\u7684\u673a\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u98df\u51650.3\uff5e0.5\u514b\u7684\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u5373\u53ef\u5f15\u8d77\u4e2d\u6bd2\uff0c3\u514b\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u30022017\u5e7410\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56fd\u9645\u764c\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u81f4\u764c\u7269\u6e05\u5355\u521d\u6b65\u6574\u7406\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u5728\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u6e90\u6027\u4e9a\u785d\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6444\u5165\u7684\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u6216\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u57282A\u7c7b\u81f4\u764c\u7269\u6e05\u5355\u4e2d\u3002.....\uff08\u5206\u4eab\u81ea@\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\uff09",
        bdDesc: '',
        bdUrl: 'http:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90\/2727976',
        bdPic: '',
        onBeforeClick: function (){
            $('.bdshare_dialog_box').hide();
        }
    });

    // 底部投诉带入当前页面 url
    var map = [1, 2, 6, 5];
    $('.wgt-footer-main .suggestion').find('a').each(function(i) {
        $(this).attr('href', 'http://help.baidu.com/newadd?word=%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90' + '&&submit_link=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) + '&prod_id=10&category=' + map[i]);
    });

    // 为超出预设内容的表格添加table-responsive控制
    $('.main-content').find('table').each(function(index) {
        var $that = $(this);
        if ($that.width() > 790) {
            $that.wrap('<div class="table-responsive"></div>');
        }
    });
}();
!function(){      require('wiki-common:widget/component/psLink/psLink');
    }();</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  var Hunter = window.Hunter || {};
  Hunter.userConfig = Hunter.userConfig || [];
  </script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://gss0.baidu.com/70cFsjip0QIZ8tyhnq/hunter/baike.js?st=17738" defer></script><script type="text/javascript">
  // DOM Ready时，统计用户可操作时间。
  alog('speed.set', 'drt', +new Date);

  void function(a,b,c,d,e,f){function g(b){a.attachEvent?a.attachEvent("onload",b,!1):a.addEventListener&&a.addEventListener("load",b)}function h(a,c,d){d=d||15;var e=new Date;e.setTime((new Date).getTime()+1e3*d),b.cookie=a+"="+escape(c)+";path=/;expires="+e.toGMTString()}function i(a){var c=b.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )"+a+"=([^;]*)(;|$)"));return null!=c?unescape(c[2]):null}function j(){var a=i("PMS_JT");if(a){h("PMS_JT","",-1);try{a=a.match(/{["']s["']:(\d+),["']r["']:["']([\s\S]+)["']}/),a=a&&a[1]&&a[2]?{s:parseInt(a[1]),r:a[2]}:{}}catch(c){a={}}a.r&&b.referrer.replace(/#.*/,"")!=a.r||alog("speed.set","wt",a.s)}}if(a.alogObjectConfig){var k=a.alogObjectConfig.sample,l=a.alogObjectConfig.rand;d="https:"===a.location.protocol?"https://fex.bdstatic.com"+d:"http://fex.bdstatic.com"+d,k&&l&&l>k||(g(function(){alog("speed.set","lt",+new Date),e=b.createElement(c),e.async=!0,e.src=d+"?v="+~(new Date/864e5)+~(new Date/864e5),f=b.getElementsByTagName(c)[0],f.parentNode.insertBefore(e,f)}),j())}}(window,document,"script","/hunter/alog/dp.min.js");
</script>
</html>
